General Nutrition Companies Inc

General Nutrition Companies Inc. , was founded 65 years ago in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on the premise that Americans wanted to maintain control over their health. David Shakirian founded the company. In 1935 he launched a dream of his by establishing a little health food store in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He called it Lackzoom. The products that were offered at his store included yogurt and healthy foods such as honey, grains and healthy sandwiches. The concept of being a health store and serving health food was thought to be a fad that would soon pass over back then. To the surprise of many of Shakarian's critics, many people embraced Lackzoom. David and his store came a long way from its first day†s receipts of 35 dollars to open a second store six months later. Since those first two stores, Lackzoom, which is now GNC, has grown to be the largest manufacturer of vitamins and mineral supplements in the United States (1998 Annual Report). General Nutrition Companies, Inc. , collectively with its subsidiaries, is the only nationwide specialty retailer of vitamin and mineral supplements, sports nutrition products and herbs, and is also a leading provider of personal care, and other health-related products. The products were sold through 3,757 General Nutrition Centers, 2,531 of which were owned and operated by the company and the other 1,226 stores were franchised. Much of the growth of GNC has occurred in the last 7 years. Since 1992, the Company has opened or acquired in the United States 2,593 new GNC stores (SEC 10k form). The company†s initial growth was through company-owned stores located primarily in regional malls. Many of the stores that were created in the past 7 years have been franchises. This franchise initiative has enabled GNC to expand into secondary locations as well as International markets. It appears that there is no end to the growth of GNC. At a Franchising meeting on February 6,1999 GNC awarded and agreed to open an additional 323 domestic and 428 international franchise locations. All of these stores report to GNC headquarters, which is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh is also home to one of General Nutrition†s three distribution centers. The other two distribution centers are located in Atlanta and Phoenix. The products that are distributed through these channels are manufactured in Greenville, South Carolina. This facility is one of the largest and most modern vitamin and supplement manufacturing facilities in the United States. Within the coming months a new 600,000 sq. ft. manufacturing plant and distribution center in Anderson, SC will open which will double the capacity of the company (www. gnc. com/about/history). As you can see net revenue increased to 1. 4 billion dollars, an increase of 18. 8 % over 1997. This increase was driven by the success of the Company†s store expansion program and increased demand for the Company†s products, as reflected by increased sales, across all business segments. During 1998, the Company developed a web site, GNC. com, to sell products via the Internet. Although still in the early stages of operation, the Company expects sales to increase based on the growth of the Internet. The history of GNC shows their excellence in planning and execution of these plans. Going into the next millennium, the Company must actively scan their environment for opportunities and threats. The General Nutrition Company is exposed to many external threats. Over the past five years there has been a trend in consumer behavior towards healthy living. This trend has caused the health product and supplement market to drastically increase. Some of the most prominent external threats that GNC faces are new competitors, competing products and services, new technologies, government regulations, increasing customer expectations, general economic conditions, and the different cultural ways of the host countries. Some of GNC†s new competitors include Internet and mail order companies such as discountnutrition. com and the Vitamin Shoppe have entered the vitamin and supplement market recently. They have taken some of the Company†s residual sales by offering different mediums of purchase. The Internet and mail order companies tend to offer discounted prices because they buy their products in bulk. A new competitor that has appeared in small regions across the United States has been Vitamin World. These shops tend to carry a similar product line with the exception of General Nutrition†s exclusive products. In addition to Vitamin World many other small chains have been started. Two of these chains are Great Earth and Vitamin Specialty of New York. These stores propose more of a threat to GNC†s corporate stores rather than the franchises because of the personalized service. The franchise stores also have more leniency in determining the final price and any discounts or specials. With the addition of these new competitors and the threat that they pose the Company has maintained if not increased its market share in many markets. GNC manufactures and sells several lines of supplements, vitamins and minerals, as well as a variety of health foods. These product lines carry many names. Some of these names include Preventative Nutrition, GNC, and Pro Performance. All of these lines are sold exclusively at GNC stores and at their online manufacturer. In addition to their own product lines, GNC stores carry a variety of products from third-party vendors. These third-party vendors include big names such as EAS (Experimental and Applied Sciences), Twinlab, Met-Rx, and Metaform. All of these vendors are in the top 5% of sales for their flagship product. The Company must realize this and make their own products more attractive to the consumer. Competing products from the third-party vendors are also sold at other stores, so this forces the Company to not only compete within their own store but to also compete in the marketplace. Today, many companies are facing the threat of the internet. Many companies are not used to this advanced technological system and do not have the resources to compete. Not only is the Internet used for advertising purposes but it is also being used as an online ordering system. With the shift towards an online ordering system many things have to be taken into consideration and changed accordingly. The entire supply chain must be examined to identify any and all potential problems and differences that must be made as a result of this shift. In this case, the manufacture, supply, distribution, and information flow are critical and will inevitably be modified from the traditional way of supply the product to the retail centers. Government regulations pose an enormous threat to the company. Potential government regulations will mandate FDA regulations and the testing of all products. This will dramatically increase the cost of production, which will ultimately be passed on to the end consumer. Some sport and diet supplements sold by the company today could be ruled illegal in the coming months if this occurs. This could potentially reduce the number of products available as well as the customer base. With the nation†s shift towards healthier living, many consumers have begun to experience unrealistic expectations of the products offered by the company. This can be witnessed by the fact that 45% of all adult American†s take some form of supplement. An attitude that many American†s exert today is that they want the â€Å"pill† or supplement to take the place of the work that they themselves would otherwise have to do. Customers are also looking for a company that offers exceptional customer service and sales associate knowledge. With today†s flourishing economy, the average American†s income is at an all time high. If anything would happen to cause a negative occurrence in the economy the average American†s disposable income would, as a result, probably decrease. This decrease in their disposable income would take away from their ability and/or desire to spend their money on products offered by GNC. The Different Cultural Ways of Host Countries The way that GNC handles their international business is through franchising. The franchising done internationally is done differently than is domestically. During the international franchising process, the entire General Nutrition rights are sold to the franchisee for the entire country, not just an individual store as done domestically. The government regulations and culture differences or preferences are left to the discretion of the potential or existing franchisee. The threat is posed as a result of the lack of assistance and guidelines that would normally come from the corporation headquarters. As far as dealing with the individual host country†s government regulations and culture, it may discourage business in that country all together. The availability of raw materials poses basically no threat to the company at this point because of their vast resources and long term contracts with their suppliers. But, in the future with the addition of many new entrants into the market a shortage of some raw materials and components may occur. General Nutrition was the pioneer of the nutrition industry and will continue to be for years to come. On of the major contributing factors to their success has been their ability to maximize their external opportunities. Around the late 1980's the average Americans active lifestyle had reached an all time low. With the 1990's came the current trend of healthier living. It was at this time that consumers turned to GNC to help maintain a healthy lifestyle. GNC capitalized on this opportunity in several different ways. They began to change the typical consumer†s idea and preferences about the General Nutrition stores and products. They began advertising to all people and having specially trained employees with knowledge of all products that were carried. This helped to make the store a more inviting place to everyone from a young high school athlete to a middle-aged mother of two. This also lead to new product market niches. Some of the more successful are the pro-performance line which is geared towards athletes, also the live well concept which promotes an overall healthy lifestyle which would be more suited for the average adult. With the change in customer preferences, GNC has the opportunity to increase market share by creating customer loyalty and trust through groundbreaking products. General Nutrition has done a tremendous job on utilizing these opportunities and in order to remain atop the competition they must continue to fine tune the and analyze the business strategy. Definitely one of General Nutrition†s greater external opportunities is their franchising and long-term alliance with Rite Aid. This opportunity is so tremendous that along with 697 stores opened in 1998 they also signed an alliance with Rite Aid. The alliance with Rite Aid allows GNC to enter a new channel for marketing its supplements. With a the average American only five miles away from a GNC, there still is such a demand for the stores that they plan to open an additional 250 stores in the next year alone. This combined with a total commitment to providing customer support has helped make GNC one of the most successful franchises for the past decade. To continue to capitalize on these external opportunities the company can look to actively pursue their franchising capabilities while avoiding cannibalization of existing stores to allow them to remain the pinnacle of the health food industry. The main reason that GNC has been and will remain the world leader in the nutrition industry is due to their ability to use technology to receive great benefits. Their greatest areas of technology that set them apart from the rest are their manufacturing and distribution. This past year the company took a tremendous leap into the 21 century with the completion of a 630,000 square foot state of the art manufacturing facility in South Carolina. Along with the new manufacturing facility, the Company was involved in a recent merger with the Dutch pharmaceutical company Royal Numico. This merger makes the Company the world†s largest manufacturer of vitamins and supplements. This merger presents the company with a great opportunity to take advantage of the world class research facilities available to them. The Company should streamline their supply chain to fully take advantage of the new manufacturing and distribution facilities. This will increase the Company†s overall efficiency. The Company should look for a strategic alliance with an established online drugstore to broaden the Company†s market share. This would also allow the Company to gain entry into the world of e-commerce. Internal strengths of the company include quality products emphasizing vitamins and minerals along with sports nutrition. This product mix focuses on high margin value added products, which are sold under the GNC proprietary brand. Along with vitamins, herbal, and sports supplements the Company also offers customers the opportunity the Gold Card program. This program enables stores to add to their product line. The basis for this program charges a $15 annual fee that entitles each member to a 20% discount on all products one time each month. Sales of proprietary brands represented over 50% of total sales in 1998. Company reputation is another strength for the company. The Company is the only nationwide specialty retailer of vitamin, mineral supplement, sports nutrition products, and herbs. Along with these products the Company is also the leading provider of personal healthcare products. The company†s reputation was built on two basic principles. The first of these is strong customer service. The Company has a strong competitive advantage over competitors because of well-trained and informed employees who have knowledge of the entire product line. The Company†s employees are knowledgeable and efficient because of the strong employee-training program. The second principal that has built their reputation is a superior product line. The proprietary brands along with other strong brand names enable them to have a product line better than the competitor. Production capabilities at the Company have enabled them to become the world leader in the their industry. The Company will be able to maintain their position as a leader because of their capacity to not only meet company inventory requirements, but also enough to sell to third parties in the wholesale market. The Company is able to maintain strong production capabilities because of their emphasis on quality control. Each product is tested from the beginning to the end until the final product meets their standard. The Company has experienced a strong sense of executive leadership. The current president has 25 years of experience within the company and the CEO has 18 years. The executive vice president has 19 years of experience and the head of logistics has 22 years under his belt. Along with this experience it is evident to see that there is an extremely low employee turnover ratio within management. Turnover within this company as with any retail organization occurs with retail store management and part time sales positions. To keep this factor at a low level the Company started the franchise program. The Company wanted to bring strategic partners into their system that would personally invest in the Company†s program. Along with strong management leadership the Company maintains a strong employee base through orientation and hiring kits that enable the new employee to adjust quickly and become an efficient employee. The company gives their employees the opportunity for tuition reimbursement, profit sharing, good medical and health benefits, and 401k and stock options. All of these factors allow a GNC employee to be part of a team. The Company uses patents to its advantage. By having patents on their proprietary formulas, vitamins, sports nutrition, and herbal supplements, the Company creates barriers between themselves and competitors. Along with their patents the Company conducts research with other companies. One such company is Proctor and Gamble. Recently the Company has held the patent with Proctor and Gamble on calcium (calcium citrate malate). This product was found to be more absorbent than any other type of calcium. The Company achieves economies of scale throughout the entire organization and network of 5,000 retail stores by a close arrangement of entities. These include arrangements with product suppliers, raw materials, packaging material, store supplies, retail advertising, third party advertising, insurance coverage, and credit card processing. The close surveillance and agreement of these entities allows the company to achieve greater economies of scale. The mission of the Company is to maintain quality over quantity in its products. The company typically introduces 25 to 30 new products each year and reformulates existing products on an annual basis. An annual reset is done for the stores to introduce new vendor third party products, and new company products through expansion and deletion of retail shelf space. General Nutrition Companies Incorporated is the leader in health products but the company is not adverse to risk. These risks that we can find within the company are considered to be the weaknesses of the company. The first risk is that Royal Numico has acquired GNC, now being a part of a larger company they must now try to fit into the larger system and integrate themselves. With the integration of the Company into Royal Numico there will be a significant amount of cash spent, some potentially dilutive issuance†s of equity securities, incurrence of debt or amortization expenses, related to goodwill and other intangible assets. Any of these can adversely affect the company; it†s operating results and financial conditions. In addition to the financial and operating factors we could find difficulties in the assimilation of the technologies, products and personnel of the integrated company. Another weakness that the company has is their leverage problem. This means that the company has raised much of its capital through debt financing, including loans. Based on the current level of operations and anticipated level of growth, the company†s available cash flow, together with other sources of liquidity, will be adequate to meet to future needs of capital. Although it looks to be enough, there can be no assurance that the company will generate enough cash flow.

Income statement

The following set of numbers represents my net operating cash flow: IQ -$339,925, Q -$108,188 Q -$42,128, Q $197,078. Based on my pro-formula cash flow which were for IQ -$339,925, Q – $108,792 Q -$109,915, Q $539,469, and going back and understanding the concept of pro-rata formula and budgets, I was not successful in implementation of these concepts. The reason being is that my projections in comparison of my results, I was if by $342,391. The first three quarters it appears that my decisions were successful as my results were beating my projections, but by making the decision to â€Å"throw all my chips in† I did not apply any decision making strategy, which proved to hurt my results.I definitely think that if I were to complete the simulation again I would be able to apply pro-formula statements and budgets successfully, with knowledge, throughout all four quarters. In successfully applying the pro-formula concept; I would have been able to take my numbers end from the previous quarter, such as inventory, accounts receivable, and fixed assets, and used my computer based so, I could make any necessary adjustments, like reduce my manufacturing costs or increase production and marketing costs to have a better bottom line at the end of that quarter. This process would have allowed me to make logical and intentional decisions had I fully understood the concept during the simulation. 2. A.The Just in Time approach was designed and first implements by the Toyota manufacturing company in Japan. It's entire purpose and concept is to optimize the production process while eliminating waste. Waste is considered to be things such as, but not limited to; cost of inventory, defective items, and the time an employee sends waiting for equipment or supplies to come in (Roy, 2005, p. 160-161). The following are the results for each quarter in regards to my ending inventory; IQ O Q 23 Q 113 Q 0. The fact that my ending inventory increased each quarter shows that I really wasn't quite sure what I was doing, but after reviewing the lessons, I realize that my increase in ending inventory ended up costing the company money.The way that I could have implemented the Just in Time approach, is to better understand what the actual demand for my product was and then to adjust my production levels based on the actual sales of the previous quarter. If I were able to implement the approach, I would have been able to set my base production level lower than what my projections were incase sales dropped, but then if I were to seeing sales pick up, I could increase my production and order supplies as necessary. This would greatly increase my operational efficiency as it would reduce my ending inventory and only be ordering and using the supplies needed, thus reducing the cost and time to the customer and increasing my profits and customer satisfaction. B.Lean Operations being externally and have a more central focus on the customer, meaning that the process can be optimized by adjusting operations and processes based on a customer perspective (Higher, Render, 2011, p 636). Unfortunately due to my confusion during the simulation I did not apply the concept. If I had been able to apply the concepts though I would have developed a system that could have allowed me to better predict my customers' wants rather than guessing as well as putting my clients' needs first. The first way that I could have been successful is Just by simply choosing the correct target audience. In doing so, I could've saved a lot of time and money on marketing and focused those resources into activities that would further support and enhance my business.Since the overall goal of lean operations is to remove all non-value add activities, if I were able to implement this strategy, I would have been much more successful as my cost would be lower as well as had higher sales results based on better customer satisfaction. All of this would in turn allow my business to be running closer to optimum operational efficiency. . Work cells allow a single product to be developed further in stage by a single machine/area and don't require movement to a separate location to continue development. This is generally an automated process done so by machines, which the newer machines can be combined with older ones, therefore reducing the company's need to replace expensive machinery more frequently. There is great benefit to this process as it eliminates the buildup of inventory at various parts to their next phase in completion.Cost would also be reduced as work cells typically require fewer workers, thus reducing labor costs. In the simulation, since my product had so many different parts and assembly requirements, work cells would greatly benefit this type of industry as the individual parts can all be assembled in separate work cells and then brought together for final assembly. While initially my cost with straight line production are lower as it requires l ess training and less accountability of the employees, work cells would end up being cheaper in the long run. The simulation also did not account for employee happiness which work cells would have a direct effect on.Due to employees being less engaged ND not being required to be accountable for the products quality in a straight line production, they would be unhappy with work and in turn be less productive. By implementing work cells, I would create a sense of pride and empowerment in the employees thus improving productivity as well as quality. I would also be able to hold the separate cells accountable for their finished products and praise where appropriate or reprimand when necessary. By using work cells, I would be completely content with paying a larger cost initially to increase productivity and quality in the Eng run; thus after a certain amount of time, work cells would actually be cheaper and save the company money and inevitably increase profits. 4.As previously stated, my decisions during the simulation were not based on any definite rational as I became lost and confused rather quickly, but I am able to look back on the simulation and consider it more as a what-if and apply the safety stock concept in theory. In the simulation, since the company was a new business, safety stock would have been a very useful concept to utilize. At the beginning all of my projections were Just hat, projections, they were not founded on historical numbers. By apply the safety stock concept; I would have given myself the appropriate safety net to allow for my projections to align with the actual demand of the product without any interruption to manufacturing.When reviewing my ending inventory for each quarter, I have come to the conclusion that I ended up with too much safety stock and incurred more carrying costs than were necessary. I could have decreased my production, thereby reducing my ending inventory, and lowering my carrying costs. 5. My preferred mutinous i mprovement program that I would have liked to implement in my company would be Six Sigma. I like this program as it provides a comprehensive, thorough investigation into all aspects of the company and focuses specifically on taking past errors and identifying how they could have been prevented. Particularly in the simulation the first area I would have evaluated and fixed would be management.The company would have fared much better had I been in partnership with an individual who had a better knowledge base and understanding of how to run a company. By applying Six Sigma though, it allows the focus to be placed on one rear of the business at a time, and then while the next area is being evaluated, the previous one is able to begin implementing the recommendations, based on the finds that came out of its own evaluation. Income statement The following set of numbers represents my net operating cash flow: IQ -$339,925, Q -$108,188 Q -$42,128, Q $197,078. Based on my pro-formula cash flow which were for IQ -$339,925, Q – $108,792 Q -$109,915, Q $539,469, and going back and understanding the concept of pro-rata formula and budgets, I was not successful in implementation of these concepts. The reason being is that my projections in comparison of my results, I was if by $342,391. The first three quarters it appears that my decisions were successful as my results were beating my projections, but by making the decision to â€Å"throw all my chips in† I did not apply any decision making strategy, which proved to hurt my results.I definitely think that if I were to complete the simulation again I would be able to apply pro-formula statements and budgets successfully, with knowledge, throughout all four quarters. In successfully applying the pro-formula concept; I would have been able to take my numbers end from the previous quarter, such as inventory, accounts receivable, and fixed assets, and used my computer based so, I could make any necessary adjustments, like reduce my manufacturing costs or increase production and marketing costs to have a better bottom line at the end of that quarter. This process would have allowed me to make logical and intentional decisions had I fully understood the concept during the simulation. 2. A.The Just in Time approach was designed and first implements by the Toyota manufacturing company in Japan. It's entire purpose and concept is to optimize the production process while eliminating waste. Waste is considered to be things such as, but not limited to; cost of inventory, defective items, and the time an employee sends waiting for equipment or supplies to come in (Roy, 2005, p. 160-161). The following are the results for each quarter in regards to my ending inventory; IQ O Q 23 Q 113 Q 0. The fact that my ending inventory increased each quarter shows that I really wasn't quite sure what I was doing, but after reviewing the lessons, I realize that my increase in ending inventory ended up costing the company money.The way that I could have implemented the Just in Time approach, is to better understand what the actual demand for my product was and then to adjust my production levels based on the actual sales of the previous quarter. If I were able to implement the approach, I would have been able to set my base production level lower than what my projections were incase sales dropped, but then if I were to seeing sales pick up, I could increase my production and order supplies as necessary. This would greatly increase my operational efficiency as it would reduce my ending inventory and only be ordering and using the supplies needed, thus reducing the cost and time to the customer and increasing my profits and customer satisfaction. B.Lean Operations being externally and have a more central focus on the customer, meaning that the process can be optimized by adjusting operations and processes based on a customer perspective (Higher, Render, 2011, p 636). Unfortunately due to my confusion during the simulation I did not apply the concept. If I had been able to apply the concepts though I would have developed a system that could have allowed me to better predict my customers' wants rather than guessing as well as putting my clients' needs first. The first way that I could have been successful is Just by simply choosing the correct target audience. In doing so, I could've saved a lot of time and money on marketing and focused those resources into activities that would further support and enhance my business.Since the overall goal of lean operations is to remove all non-value add activities, if I were able to implement this strategy, I would have been much more successful as my cost would be lower as well as had higher sales results based on better customer satisfaction. All of this would in turn allow my business to be running closer to optimum operational efficiency. . Work cells allow a single product to be developed further in stage by a single machine/area and don't require movement to a separate location to continue development. This is generally an automated process done so by machines, which the newer machines can be combined with older ones, therefore reducing the company's need to replace expensive machinery more frequently. There is great benefit to this process as it eliminates the buildup of inventory at various parts to their next phase in completion.Cost would also be reduced as work cells typically require fewer workers, thus reducing labor costs. In the simulation, since my product had so many different parts and assembly requirements, work cells would greatly benefit this type of industry as the individual parts can all be assembled in separate work cells and then brought together for final assembly. While initially my cost with straight line production are lower as it requires l ess training and less accountability of the employees, work cells would end up being cheaper in the long run. The simulation also did not account for employee happiness which work cells would have a direct effect on.Due to employees being less engaged ND not being required to be accountable for the products quality in a straight line production, they would be unhappy with work and in turn be less productive. By implementing work cells, I would create a sense of pride and empowerment in the employees thus improving productivity as well as quality. I would also be able to hold the separate cells accountable for their finished products and praise where appropriate or reprimand when necessary. By using work cells, I would be completely content with paying a larger cost initially to increase productivity and quality in the Eng run; thus after a certain amount of time, work cells would actually be cheaper and save the company money and inevitably increase profits. 4.As previously stated, my decisions during the simulation were not based on any definite rational as I became lost and confused rather quickly, but I am able to look back on the simulation and consider it more as a what-if and apply the safety stock concept in theory. In the simulation, since the company was a new business, safety stock would have been a very useful concept to utilize. At the beginning all of my projections were Just hat, projections, they were not founded on historical numbers. By apply the safety stock concept; I would have given myself the appropriate safety net to allow for my projections to align with the actual demand of the product without any interruption to manufacturing.When reviewing my ending inventory for each quarter, I have come to the conclusion that I ended up with too much safety stock and incurred more carrying costs than were necessary. I could have decreased my production, thereby reducing my ending inventory, and lowering my carrying costs. 5. My preferred mutinous i mprovement program that I would have liked to implement in my company would be Six Sigma. I like this program as it provides a comprehensive, thorough investigation into all aspects of the company and focuses specifically on taking past errors and identifying how they could have been prevented. Particularly in the simulation the first area I would have evaluated and fixed would be management.The company would have fared much better had I been in partnership with an individual who had a better knowledge base and understanding of how to run a company. By applying Six Sigma though, it allows the focus to be placed on one rear of the business at a time, and then while the next area is being evaluated, the previous one is able to begin implementing the recommendations, based on the finds that came out of its own evaluation.

Black Footed Ferret

Black Footed Ferret Essay In the past three decades very few endangered species have been restored toviable populations. The black footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) was believed tobe the most endangered mammal in the united states. It is a small mink sizedcarnivore of the Great plains and intermountain basins The ferrets appear to beobligatory predators on the prairie dogs and once occupied a range essentiallyidentical to that of the prairie dogs. They prey on them and also use theirburrows for shelter and nesting. The prairie dogs are considered agriculturalpests and competitors with livestock since white settlement first began in theAmerican west. Large scale rodent control programs were implemented by the stateand federal governments. They drastically reduced the population of prairie dogs(and other species related to the prairie dog ecosystem) through trapping,gassing and poisoning. These poisoning programs were considered a major cause ofthe ferrets demise. But, the main cause was the loss of the ferrets preybase and appropriate habitat. Their remaining habitat was fragmented thusleaving the ferret population vulnerable to extinction from various causesincluding inability to find mates, inbreeding depression, environmental events,and disease of ferrets and their prey. The ferrets were believed to be extinctin 1974, but in 1981 a ferret was discovered in Meeteetsee, Wyoming when a ranchdog killed an unusual animal eating from its food dish and the rancher took thecarcass to a knowledgeable taxidermist. This was viewed as a rare chance torecover the species. In 1985, a catastrophic disease struck the small ferretpopulation, and most remaining animals were taken into captivity. Captivebreeding was initiated, and reintroduction into the wild from the captivepopulation began in 1991. The ferret is just one of more than 900 species listedunder the Endangered Species act as either threatened or endangered. Over threethousand more species wait on a list of candidates for such status, but in the1980s over thirty-four species went extinct while on the waiting list (Cohn,1993). Is the ferret program representative of the national effort to recoverspecies? Main body: United States policy on endangered species, including theferret and hundreds of other plants and animals, is codified in the 1973Endangered Species act (ESA ,as amended, U.S. Congress 1983, Bean 1991) . Thispiece of legislation sets a national goal the prevention of any furtherextinction and the restoration of species currently threatened with extinction. The ESA is a highly popular piece of legislature because no one would advocatethe killing of an entire species. But the simple goal of saving a species cloaksa complicated process. The ferret case is a good illustration of how the ESA isactually outfitted, how and state officials and others tackle the complex workof restoring species, and how problems come about in nearly all recovery plans. In short, the ferret rescue is a measure of how the ESA really works. Afterfinding the small population in Wyoming, in 1981, one might expect a well ledand smoothly coordinated recovery effort to have been quickly organized to savea species that had been recognized as Americas most endangered mammal. Manyuniversities, conservation organizations, state and federal agencies, and localpeople were willing to help. Collectively they command substantial resources,not only in terms of money: national and international expertise on populationgenetics and small population management, experienced field researchers, testedbreeding facilities, and support staffs from major zoos. All that was needed forthe ferrets to be restored swiftly, professionally, and efficiently was a meansto bring the talent together in a productive well organized program. Under theESA, the task of organizing recovery efforts is the responsibility of thefederal government acting through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and theU.S. National Marine Fisheries Service. Federal officials had numerous optionsopen to them at the start of the ferret program, one of which was to functionlike administrators of a large hospital, pulling together a world-classprofessional team, supporting the necessary work with adequate funding,equipment and facilities, and relying on the teams judgment to bring aboutthe patients recovery. But this model was not selected. The ferret programwas organized and operated very differently. Section 6 of the ESA requires thatstates be involved to the maximum extent practicable. Early in 1982,the federal government turned the main responsibility for ferret restorationover to the state of Wyoming. Almost immediately, problems began to emerge. READ: Prostitution EssayThrough a formal resolution, the American Society of mammologists (1986:786)urged the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Wyoming Fish and Game department,and other state wildlife departments, and numerous and numerous interestedconservation groups to make broader recovery efforts than those exhibitedby the current program. Miller, Reading, and Forest (Miller et al.1996:208)identify the FWS as the national agent responsible for maintaining professionalrestoration programs. It is our contention, they write, thatRegion 6, of the FWS, failed to make the ferret recovery a national program. Itmay have been easiest for Region 6 to acuiesence to Wyomings agenda in theshort term, but the strategy has probably impaired the recovery in the long run. People, or agencies, in a position to improve conservation should not simplythrow money at a problem, but invest in time and attention as well. TheWyoming Game and Fish department was interested in doing whatever was necessaryto insure that the ferrets be returned to the wild in Wyoming first, whether ornot Wyoming was the best place to introduce them. There could have been sites inother states which were better suited for ferret reintroduction, but thejealousy of the Wyoming Game and Fish department prevents them from consideringsuch an alternative. The Greater Yellowstone Coalition (1990) concluded thatstate-level concerns had taken precedence over national recovery issues. TheWilderness Society concluded that of the 495 species listed in 1988, only about16 (3.2 percent) are recovering. Another 18 listed species (3.6 percent) mayhave already been extinct. This is a record that fails to demonstrate the basicpromises of the act. The General Accounting Office (1992) added that of sixt eenspecies removed from the list, five were recovered, seven were extinct, and fourwere reclassified because of misinformation. Two federal audits of the ESAimplementation have been conducted. Reviews of the FWS endangered speciesprogram and found that the federal government did not maintain centralizedinformation needed to determine how well the overall program was operating. Required recovery plans have not been developed and approved for many species. In 16 recovery plans that were investigated in depth, nearly half of the taskslisted had not been undertaken even though the plans had been approved, onaverage, more than four years earlier. Fws officials attributed this to shortageof funds, the inspector general of the Interior department has lambastedhis federal colleagues at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, charging that theymay be sending species to extinction (Holden1990). Conclusion: Thedestruction of other life forms because of the actions of people is a problemwith profound biological, ecological, economic, and ethical dimensions. We mustassume that a healthy biosphere is in the common interest of humanity. Appreciation of the fundamental importance and far-sightedness of the EndangeredSpecies Act and other biodiversity protection policies has grown over the lasttwo decades, but that has neither prevented nor appreciably slowed theextinction crisis. Around the globe, the problem of extinction is extreme andgrowing, with perhaps scores of species disappearing everyday. The ESA ispotentially a powerful tool to better the extinction crisis, and in many wayshas served as a global model. But despite its value both substantively andsymbolically, there are problems with it, as both the biological and politicaltrends of the past years attest. Implementation has fallen short of promise. Protecting species under the ESA is a long , complex process. Once species arerecognized as deserving of protection and are listed, conservation programs mustbe designed, approved, and then implemented. Almost four thousand species in theUnited States now wait to be afforded the basic protections of the ESA; severalhundred, many of them plants may already be extinct. Beyond the listing process,there are innumerable steps, activities and processes that make up the ESAimplementation. The extinction problem in the U.S. and the world is apparentlygrowing faster than practical policy responses can be generated to stop it. Theblack footed ferret was a good example for showing how there are problems withthe conservation process and limitations of conventional approaches. The ferretrestoration program was fraught with problems, which has added to its notorietyin the public eye and the scientific and conservation communities. If we are toimprove the policy-making process for conserving biodiv ersity, we mustacknowledge the problem openly, honestly, and realistically. We must turn ourknowledge of saving species and take turn it into more effective, more efficientconservation gains. In other words, we must reconstruct the endangered speciesrecovery process. READ: History of Solar Energy EssayBibliographyAmerican Society of Mammologists. 1986. Recovery andrestoration of the black footed ferret. Journal of mammology 67:786. Bean,M.J.1983. The evolution of national wildlife law. Prager, New York. Cohn,J.P.1993. Defenders of biodiversity. Government executive national journal,April:18-22 General accounting office. 1988. Endangered species: Managementimprovements could enhance recovery programs. GAO/RCED 89-5. GPO, Washington. Holden, C.1990. Ecology hero in the interior department. Science 250:620-621. Miller, B.J., R. Reading, C. Conway, J.A. Jackson, M.A. Hutchins, N. Snyder, S. Forest, J. Frazier, and S. Derricson. 1994. Improving endangered speciesprograms: Avoiding organizational pitfalls, tapping the resources, and addingaccountability. Environmental Management 18:637-645. Reffault, W. 1991. Theendangered species lists: Chronicles of extinction? P.77-75. Island Press,Washington.

Law of Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law of Evidence - Essay Example This has to be done through the finding of credible evidence that proves beyond doubt that the accused person is indeed guilty. The decisions that have been made in recent years where there has been no sufficient proof from the prosecution to show that the accused individual is guilty of the crime committed have been influenced by the one golden thread rule. While this rule is still one of the most paramount in the justice system, it has come to be put aside in many cases because of the fact that many of the courts have been under immense pressure to get rid of a many cases as possible in the shortest time available. This has ensured that the quality of the evidence provided in court before a verdict was reached has been eroded. Because of this, it can be said that some of the individuals who have gone through the English justice system and have been found guilty may indeed have been sentenced falsely. If this is the case, then the gravest violation of justice by the courts may have taken place and more needs to be done to ensure that such gaps in the criminal justice system are sealed to help boost public confidence in it. ... Instead, it has been declared that it is a means through which the truth can be found, despite the fact that the truth is something that can be considered to be relative. The truth according to one individual may not necessarily be so to another and this has led to the almost total disregard for the correct and thorough examination of the evidence at hand. Judges, who are supposed to be impartial referees, have come to be directly involved in the cases because of the pressure that has been put on them to show as many results as possible; disregarding the fact that the judges have to be impartial in order to perform best. One of the biggest failures of the criminal justice system has been the absolute absence of any meaningful sanction for its failure to meet schedules.2 In addition, this lack of sanction also extends to the failure to make proper disclosure and to ensure that all the witnesses named appear at court. One would go as far as to state that the definition of finding the t ruth, according to the criminal justice system is not the seeking of the answers concerning the case, but has in reality turned into a bid to ensure the securing of a conviction as speedily and as cheaply as possible. The need for speed as well as the reduction of the expenses of the trials, while seen as being economical is among the reasons why the criminal justice system is failing to deliver justice as it should. An example of this scenario is the Woolmington case where at the trial the judge informed the jury that if it was convinced that Woolmington killed his wife, then it was up to Woolmington himself to convince the jury that the shooting was an accident. When Woolmington gave evidence, he admitted to shooting his wife but said

Describe the evidence for environmental changes since the Last Coursework

Describe the evidence for environmental changes since the Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e, approximately 130,000 year - Coursework Example With such information in mind, it is then relevant to discuss such issues in this paper. This being the key points of this paper, the research question is: what is the evidence for environmental change in the tropical since the last interglacial? The tropical region history The tropic is a region on the earth surrounding the equator. The region is commonly found at the northern hemisphere at latitude 23.4378? N on the tropic of cancer and it is also found at the southern hemisphere at latitude 23.4378? S on the tropic of Capricorn. The tropical region is a place where the sub solar point is reached by the sun. A sub solar point is a region where the sun is directly overhead the equator which happens once in a year. There is a direct distinction between the tropics and other climatic and biomatic regions of the earth, with the latitudes that appear in the middle and the Polar Regions on a different side of the equatorial zone Climate distribution of the tropical The tropic has its own climate distribution that may be different to other geographical areas. The tropics sometimes can be used generally to refer to a tropical climate which means that the area has warm to hot and moist all year round, additionally there is the sense of lush vegetation. Most of the tropical regions experience dry and wet seasons where the wet season or rainy season or the green season has an occurrence in that it covers only one to several months that is if the average annual rainfall drops in the region. It is believed that the areas having wet seasons are exposed to dissemination across the tropics and the subtropics. A wet season month is one month that that experiences an average precipitation of about 60 millimetres as per the classification of Koppen in the tropical regions. However the tropical rainforests on a technical bench do not experience wet or dry seasons on grounds that their rainfall is distributed equally throughout the year. It is noted that some areas which experien ce prolonged rainfall are subjected to breaks in rainfall during mid-season that is if the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough gain a movement towards the pole ward of their original location during the middle of the warm season. Facts depict that if the warm season or the summer season experience wet season then precipitation will occur mainly in the late afternoons or in the early evening hours. The wet season is a season where there is an improvement in the quality of air; also there is an improvement in water quality while the vegetation grows significantly thus causing late yield of crop in the season. Floods cause a huge effect both on the environment and the habitants of the area. It is depicted that there are overflows in the river banks and the animals move to a higher ground while there is loss of soil nutrients and increase in soil erosion. During these harsh conditions, the animals design a survival strategy for them to survive along the harsh conditions of wet seasons. It is unfortunate that there are identified food shortages in to the wet season that is brought by the previous dry seasons since the crops are yet to mature. It is not obvious that regions found in the tropics have a tropical climate. Such regions include the snow-capped peaks which include the Mauna Kea not forgetting the Mount Kilimanjaro and additionally the Andes. Other regions also include the northern parts of Chile and Argentina. Tropical ecosystem Apart from the tropical climate, the tropical

3rd Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

3rd Report - Assignment Example It is for this reason, among others, that journalists are victimized, harassed, assaulted, imprisoned, and even killed. The categories of journalists who are greatly affected are foreign journalist. This essay will highlight these challenges, by giving an investigative report of two jailed foreign journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee. It will examine their work prior to their arrest, their arrest and trial, their sentencing, and the interventions that led to their release. Finally, it will give a conclusion. Euna Lee and Laura Ling are journalists living and working in the United States. Euna Lee is an American of Korean descent while Laura Ling is a Chinese American. They are both journalists at a Television station, Current TV, based in California. Current TV, which broadcasts from San Francisco was co-founded Al Gore who is a former vice-president of the US. Ling works as the station’s news editor, while Lee is the news editor. In the year 2009, the duo began work on a documentary whose intention was to highlight the plight of North Koreans attempting to run away from the dictator government in Pyongyang, North Korea’s capital, into China across the Tumen River (Human Rights Watch, 69). This was the genesis of their troubles with the isolated communist country. The investigative work of Lee and Ling took the duo to China, a longtime ally and cross border neighbor of North Korea but whose laws were a bit friendly to foreign journalists. China was thus a strategic country to launch investigations from. This is mostly so because it shares a border with North Korea which refugees use to cross over. Lee and Ling would thus be able to launch their investigations about human trafficking and the issue of refugees, and tell the story to the world through their documentary. However, they had to conduct all their operations within the borders of China. Otherwise, they would be arrested and

The Joy Luck Club Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Joy Luck Club - Essay Example There is at the most only one Asian actor out of ten. And the Asian cast barely gets the top part. Unless he is Jackie Chan, he'd probably get only minor roles. In my opinion, this should change. You don't need an Asian related plot in the story to cast Asians. There are plenty American citizens who have Asian origin. They are what you can call "All American" already. Mainstream Hollywood films and TV shows often contain a stereotype Asian: geeky, foreign, martial arts expert, domestic or someone who barely speaks English. Take for example the TV series Heroes in NBC. It's about individuals having extraordinary powers, trying to save the world. The plot is very culture neutral. But take a look at the character Hiro Nakamura. He's Japanese and he has the power to stop time. Notice that he has glasses, looks harmless and a little geeky. In Grey's Anatomy - ABC's TV series about doctors, Cristina Yang is perhaps the only Asian woman in the series. She is hardworking and very driven. Again, like Hiro Nakamura, she is bordering on being geeky. The movies are no better. In Charlie's Angels, Alex Munday - played by Lucy Lui, was the intellectual 'techy' geek. It doesn't matter that she looks gorgeous. She's an Asian woman, she has to be good with computers. In Two Weeks Notice, George Wade - played by Hugh Grant comments on how the good the maid looks that day. He tells her that she looks like a "young Imelda Marcos". The maid is obviously Asian. In The Nanny Diaries, one of the nannies is also Asian. Therefore, aside from being intelligent and geeky, Asians are also portrayed as domestics. So how is it possible that Hollywood can make one movie brilliantly correct about Asian culture and make a thousand others that utterly misperceive the same Asian culture In my opinion, it's because of lack of thought. You see, these stereotypes did not come out of thin air. In a way, they have factual basis. There are Asians who work very well with computers and Asians who are into martial arts or are domestics. And we cannot deny that there are Asian tourists who cannot speak English very well. It's true that not all Asians are like that, but they are the ones that stand out. They stand out because their different. Their image sticks to you. Of course there are also Asians who have been living all their life in America. Who are American citizens and speak English like everyone else. They have embraced the American culture. And it's even possible that they have never actually set foot in Asia or any place outside America. They could be doctors, lawyers, teachers, writers, you name it. They are as normal as your average Joe. But we don't notice them because they are just like everyone else. Instead, we remember the geek, the nanny and the tourists. In my opinion, this is how the stereotype began in the first place. And Hollywood just didn't take the time to change that. Therefore, even if they make one or two brilliant film about Asian culture, because of lack of awareness and thought, they carelessly continue to stereotype Asians in the rest of the films they make. The Joy Luck Club did not break stereotype People may say that Hollywood succeeded in breaking the stereotype. I do not agree. The success of Hollywood in portraying Asians a little bit more accurately in the movie The Joy Luck Club is because of two things. First, this movie was an adaptation of the book: The Joy Luck

Juvenile Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Juvenile Justice - Coursework Example Prosecuting children and adolescents in the adult systems undermined justice. Following the pressures from various interest groups, the American legal system inextricably codified the views of stakeholders. The American legal system contains treaties with the interpretation that aim to protect the rights of children and adolescents. It exemplifies that the judicial systems must observe human rights of children and youths with a guarantee. In this respect, corpus juris is a source of legislation that establishes the codes of the subject of protection of adolescents and children. Delinquency has become inherently difficult to measure. Though criminal scientists have devised a means of measuring it such as self-reports, still there are definite drawbacks that these methods depict. The fault of the approach lies in data collection method and the reliability of the data. It is unlikely for the juveniles to provide truthful information about their delinquency to strangers. A juvenile may also forget, miscomprehend, lie or distort what transpired. For example, a self-report survey asks youths about their criminal behaviour and participation in delinquent activities over time. The researcher may request respondents to indict the number of times they have involved themselves in a number of offences such as forgery, weapon violation, gambling, or fighting. The options may be: Never, 1, 2-5, 6-9 and 20 or more. While some may forget and indicate a smaller number, some may exaggerate. The error leads to inaccuracies in the process of trying to measure

According to the requirement in the file and do opinion 1 to write a 5 Essay

According to the requirement in the file and do opinion 1 to write a 5 pages paper - Essay Example Matthew Dickman, born much later than Blake, also felt that lack of joy in modern life and called the readers to â€Å"scrape for it†. So what does it mean to â€Å"scrape for joy† for a modern poet and a reader? The poem â€Å"Slow Dance† is aimed to give indirect answer to this question as the reader has to make conclusions himself. Dickman instantly attracts reader`s attention with the title of the poem as slow dance can evoke associations in everyone who did it at least once. Slow dance is a deeply intimate and sophisticated action and a state of mind when two people get close to each other moving in a rhythm of the music. Slow dance can become a beginning of a love affair or a ritual step into marriage life. Slow dance is usually an expression of real bond between people who mean making their connection even stronger dancing a slow dance. Dickman emphasizes the fact that we desperately need this slow dance more than anything else in the world; however he implies deeper sense under this concept. The author finds accurate comparisons for this issue: Therefore, slow dance epitomizes something much bigger than a dance, an action, and a ritual. Slow dance serves as a metaphor of elusive moments of happiness in life, which are only noticed when they are over or recognized by tiny details and hues of feelings: Such slow dances remind me of a swimming or falling asleep, which are often mechanic to such an extent that you lose the sense of reality. These magic moments of leaping from conscious to unconscious with the help of natural motions and states can be achieved by anyone anytime. Dickman as one of the most sensitive poets tries to attract readers` attention to that fact, explaining that there is no need to be a poet to â€Å"ride a dragon†. And slow dance is even more efficient for such leaps as it involves music: Dickman shows that the presence of a close person is one of the most mystical moments in daily life which we rarely pay attention to.

Principles of diversity equality Essay Example for Free

Principles of diversity equality Essay Outcome 1: Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion. 1.1 Define what is meant by: Diversity:- Is that right of each individual to be different and to have differences from others. Equality:- the state of being equal, especially in status, rights or opportunities. Inclusion:- the action or state of including or being included within a group or structure. Discrimination:- the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age or sex. 1.2 Describe how direct or indirect discrimination may occur in the work setting. Direct discrimination: Institutional/Company: different pay levels offered for the same job, promotion offers to only a select group of employees; job offers and training opportunities being offered to individuals of a certain race or age; bullying, excluding others, provocations of colleagues or clients on the basis of their gender, age, religious beliefs, ethnicity, language, social class, sexual orientation. Indirect discrimination: Inadequate facilities put in place for those with disabilities, making demands on workforce which they deem as being disadvantageous to employees of a certain group; using overly complex terminology when providing information either members of staff or the clients Read more: Describe the potential effects of discrimination essay 1.3 Explain how practices that support diversity, equality and inclusion reduce the likelihood of discrimination. Mixing groups of individuals in situations like; training sessions encourages cohesion and fosters the opportunities for individuals to work well with each other in partnership. Introducing facilities that aid mobility as this encourages the involvement of individuals who are less mobile and makes them feel included as their needs are being taken into account. Putting in place polices that empower employees and show the individuals value to the company such as; employee of the month awards and bonuses given for consistent good work. This will increase the employees confidence in carrying out their job and want to  continue their employment contract with the company. Outcome 2: Know how to work in an inclusive way. 2.1 List key legislations and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care settings. Equalities Act (2001). The Employment Act (2008). Health and Social Care Act (2012). Human Rights Act (1998). Mental Capacity Act (2005). Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006). 2.2 Describe how to interact with individuals in an inclusive way. Being empathetic towards the clients situation and showing a genuine interest in their concerns and needs. Allowing and encouraging a two-way dialogue to occur between the care worker and the client using techniques such as; active listening to aid communication. Respecting individuals cultural and/or religious differences and working with them in a way that doesnt go against their beliefs or morals. 2.3 Describe ways in which discrimination may be challenged in adult social care settings. Putting in place a company policy of zero-tolerance regarding discrimination. Informing all members of staff and clients about how and when to make complaints regarding any issues of concern including discrimination. Encouraging others to challenge discrimination. Maintaining a record of discriminatory behaviour and resorting to disciplinary actions to deal with such behaviour. Routinely updating policies and procedures of organisation in relation to discrimination. Using previous discriminatory cases to aid the continuous professional development of the members of staff as they can act as an example of how they can respond and handle similar situations if and when they occur in their future working life with the company. Outcome 3: Know how to access information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. 3.1 Identify sources of  information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. Company care worker handbook. Skills for care website. Heath Social Care Information Centre website. NHS website. Healthcare Diversity Council website. 3.2 Describe how and when to access information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. An individual should access information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in instances where they believe that either them or the client who they are assisting being treated unfairly due to factors like an individuals race or ethnicity; having access to the relevant legislative rules and regulations such as; the Equalities Act (2001) or The Employment Act (2008) and the companys policies and procedures regarding diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination so that they know exactly what their employer is legally required to put into place in order to foster diversity, equality, inclusion and prevent discrimination. This information especially the companys policies and procedures will also inform the care worker of the proper procedure that needs to occur when the care worker experiences issues regarding diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination.

Significant Market Position Toshiba Marketing Essay

Significant Market Position Toshiba Marketing Essay Toshiba is a strong and respected name in the market with a well-deserved reputation for innovation, high performance and reliability. We have represented the brand in Ireland since 1982 and, by combining our strengths with those of Toshiba, we have carved out a significant market share. Broad diversified product portfolio Toshiba is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of advanced electronic and electrical products. Its product portfolio includes information and communications equipment and systems, internet based solutions and services, electronic components and materials, power system, industrial and social infrastructure systems, and household appliances. Strong research and development Toshiba has strong commitment to research and development programs. In an average year Toshiba is awarded more than 5,000 patents, many of which find their way either directly or indirectly into our multi-functional office solutions products. Enhancement of customer satisfaction Adhering to the Toshiba Group Customer Satisfaction Policy established in 2003, we aim to enhance customer satisfaction (CS) through the provision of safe and innovative products, systems and services as well as through communication with customers. Toshiba Group Customer Satisfaction Policy We make the voice of customers the starting point for all ideas and provide products, systems and services that deliver customer satisfaction. We provide products, systems and services that are safe and reliable. We respond to requests and inquiries from customers sincerely, rapidly and appropriately. We value the voice of customers and endeavor to develop and improve products, systems and services to deliver customer satisfaction. We provide appropriate information to customers. We protect personal data provided by customers. Weaknesses High debt In fiscal 2008, Toshiba placed a high priority on recovering its drastically eroded shareholders equity. The company is now making efforts to reduce debt in order to establish a solid financial profile by March 2012. Towards this goal, the company announced a policy to constrain capital investment, particularly in the semiconductor business. Standard Poors considers Toshibas conservative financial policy to be further evidenced by the implementation of a number of planned financial activities. These include capital enhancement through an increase in common stocks and the refinancing of short-term debt by the issuance of subordinated bonds. Standard Poors will closely monitor whether the company can improve its financial indicators as planned, through the consistent reduction of fixed costs and capital investments. Lack of manpower After four months of struggle and weeks of intense negotiations, workers and management at Toshiba Consumer Products Indonesia reached a settlement: 682 workers will be reinstated, but 15 local union leaders will not get their jobs back. Over leveraged financial position Year over year, Toshiba Corporation has seen revenues fall from $80.4B to $76.6B. This along with an increase in the cost of goods sold expense has led to a reduction in the bottom line from $1.7B to $925.7M. Ubiquitiouegory, products, services Cloud services will become truly ubiquitous, omnipresent. It is the broader access to most recent content and information plus the benefit of a vast social community contributing to its discovery and consumption adding, recommending, rating and prioritizing content and information that will make cloud services an increasingly indispensable element in consumers evolving digital lifestyle. Sun Zi said: When victory is long overdue, weapons will be blunt and the morale (and motivation) of the troops will be adversely affected. In war, it is better to go for swift victories rather than engage in prolonged military campaigns. Sun Zi also said: Therefore, generals who do not thoroughly comprehend the inherent dangers of deploying troops are unlikely to understand the advantages of using troops. Opportunities Market Recently Toshiba just launch the 12 new products in the Bangladesh. Bangladesh have a large population approximately 160 million. Toshiba has working with Smart Technologies BD Limited (STBL) Bangladesh Company since last 3 years. In this 3 year, Toshiba Company found that Bangladesh market impressive increase in term of sales volume and growth. Bangladesh is developing and has high potential in market. Global expansion It can let the profit or income of the Toshiba Company to increase or growing the market value of the Toshiba Company among the world. The popularities can also increase by this way. Without affecting quality and customer service, global expansion can maximizing profitability in all areas of the Toshiba Company. For instance, by developing the new marketing strategies in those regions, it can make let Toshiba Companys loyalty customers to buy their products. Global expansion can also help to leads to leveraging of expertise. With global expansion, leveraging any know-how or expertise in overseas production is prudent. Future plans Toshiba aim to double its annual profit in three year. The worlds No.2 maker of NAND flashes chips, behind the Samsung electronics. The firm is going to shift its focus to emerge economies and growing market after the demand for television fall dramatically than expected in the previous year. Besides that, Toshiba Company also interested in making money through nuclear power, they plan to buy 20 percent of share from the U.S nuclear power company in the next January. Toshiba is going to invest about $4.3 billion dollar to build new flash memory facility, in order to catch up the leader Samsung electronics, aiming to triple its manufacture capacity. Moreover, Toshiba plan to roll out a home storage battery system that can keep the appliances running for a good part all the day long. Toshiba developed a storage battery system that makes use of the Toshiba technology for rechargeable batteries. This storage battery can work up to 12 hour. Threats Competition Being an electronic company, in this environment of course there will be a lot of competitor. For example, the competitor for the Toshiba Company likes Samsung, Apple, HP, Dell, and other company that focus electronic production. These companies have created threats for the Toshiba Company. The tablets that made by Toshiba is not really attracted by consumer, because Apple and Samsung are leading on this market products. Besides that, Toshiba main production is notebook, although this is their priority product, but a lot of competitor also produces various type of notebook. Although they made a quality, productivity and user friendly notebook, but Toshiba still behind the other competitor that leading them by brand name position on customer heart. External changes This changes is depends on the government taxes and politics in the certain country that the Toshiba company invest in. First and foremost, government taxes and politics have created a burden to all company. As taxes increase its have the same effect that the company need to cover the cost of the good that rise such as electricity and input, all company are established because their purpose is profit.

Health Care Economics :: essays research papers

People place various levels of price on their lives and the lives of their loved ones. People take drastic measures in an attempt to increase and improve one's life. Unfortunately, money and economics have a great influence on the value of life. As presented in the text, the Jones-Lee Approach, the relationship between wages and risk, and the study with the smoke detectors, all show that even with health, as with material consumer products, people will purchase more when the price is cheaper. People actually place a higher value on life when the means of "saving" that life are cheaper. The limitations to this type of analysis are that money and numerical figures are not the only way people assess the value of life. Placing a monetary value on life depicts how people react to prices as they do with all goods they purchase. There are many other ways, however, to measure how much you value your life. Obviously, good health is a major factor of being happy and satisfied with your life. However, people also place family, friends, and self-realization very high on the list of value. Every year, the United States allots a limited amount of money that may be spent on health care. Not everyone can be saved and cured, and the decision on who is, is left up to those in charge. The fact is, different people have different views on whose life should be valued more. Some may want to save a young child who hasn't had a chance to live their life over an elderly person who has lived a long fulfilling life. Others, however, would place the elder higher because they are wiser and more experienced, while the young child still doesn't know what is happening. I would predict that most people would choose the first option. The value of life is very important to society today. It is important in every profession, culture, and home.

William Blakes The Little Black Boy Essay example -- William Blake Th

William Blake's 'The Little Black Boy' The theme of guardianship, being the act of guarding, protecting, and taking care of another person, is very prominent in William Blake's 'The Little Black Boy';. Three distinct instances of guardianship can be seen in Blake's poem. These guardianship roles begin with the little boy's mother, followed by God, and ultimately ending with the unsuspecting little black boy himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is relatively easy to see the repression of blacks by whites in the way in which the little black boy speaks and conveys his thoughts. These racial thoughts almost immediately begin the poem, with the little black boy expressing that he is black as if bereaved of light, and the little English child is as white as an angel. The wonderful part of these verses is the fact that the little black boy knows that his soul is white, illustrating that he knows about God and His love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Blake's poem, it is very clear that the little black boy and his mother have a very close and affectionate relationship. The boy expresses how his mother sits with him under the shade of the tree and shares with him the love of God. The little black boy, being influenced by society during this time, believes that once his black skin passes away, then the English child will love him. In hopes of changing his view of himself and his skin color, the boy's mother tells him that there is an advantage to having black skin. The mother implies that black skin can bear more ...

The Censorship Of Huck Finn :: essays research papers

The Censorship of Huckelberry Finn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn has been called one of the greatest pieces of American literature, deemed a classic. The book has been used by teachers across the country for years. Now, Huck Finn, along with other remarkable novels such as Catcher in the Rye and To Kill a Mockingbird, are being pulled off the shelves of libraries and banned from classrooms. All the glory this majestic piece by Mark Twain has acquired is slowly being deteriorated. This is occurring because some say it does not meet 'today's'; politically correct standards. This is an immense disturbance to all who have read and cherished Huckelberry Finn and know this work's true meaning. Censorship, as defined in the dictionary, is, in the case of a book, to take out things thought to be objectionable. Censorship is far more than that. This mere word prohibits us from all things branded with its mark. In this instance of The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn, it takes away an American treasure, and more importantly, defies First Ammendment rights. Those who find Huck Finn distasteful and unappropriate are trying to brand this work, by censorship, and make it unjust to read. This is similar to a farmer trying to brand his mark upon a bull, with those against Huck Finn as the farmers and Huckelberry Finn is the bull. As most know the bull never goes down without a fight and won't allow thje farmer to branded, just as the supporters of Huckelberry Finn will not just be taken down passively. The main reason Huckelberry Finn is being subjected to such scrutiny is because of the way Twain protrayed 'nigger'; Jim, and his use of the racial slur. The Anti-Huckelberry Finn feel that it is to uncomfortable for African-Americans to read the book and think they are being stereotyped into Jim's image. Though some find it wrong for this American treasure to remain availible due to its racism, this is not the case. Even though the word 'nigger'; is used over 200 times in the book, it was common for African-Americans to be refered to as this during the period of the book and the time the book was published. Those trying to have Huckelberry Finn censored are also opposed to Jim being portrayed as 'an uneducated man, very superstitious, infantile, passive, and generally uncultured,'; as written by Frank Ritter. These ideas may at first seem like the basis for a good arguement, but it is later apparent that these

History of Mauritius

Mauritius was discovered by the Portuguese in 1507 and was later occupied by the Dutch, from 1598 up until 1710. In 1715, it came into the possession of the East India Company and in 1767, that of the King of France, who christened it ‘Ile de France'. Captured by the British in 1810 and then acknowledged by the Treaty of Paris in 1814, the British allowed the French settlers to use their language and their civil code. Many of the settlers remained and made up a group of Franco-Mauritian important property owners and businessmen. The sugar cane cultivations first developed with the African and Malagasy slaves. Following the abolition of slavery in 1835, the important landowners turned their attention to an influx of indentured Indian labourers, a large number of whom settled on the island. The island remained a British colony until its independence on 12th March 1968, under the presidency of Dr Seewoosagur Ramgoolam. The Dutch period~ The Dutch first arrived on the island in 1516, but was unable to colonise it as the slaves that had been brought over from Africa ran away into the mountains upon their arrival. They were the first fugitive slaves in Mauritius. In 1641, the Dutch developed the slave trade, with slaves from Madagascar, in the hope of securing a return on their installation in Mauritius. In spite of this, only a few Malagasy slaves were brought to Mauritius during the Dutch occupation. In 1598, a Dutch squadron landed on the island under the orders of the Admiral Wybrand Van Warwick. It was then that the island was named Mauritius, after the Prince Mauritius Van Nassau of Holland. Instead of expanding the colony, the Dutch contented themselves with devastating the fauna (which led to the extinction of the dodo) and the flora that caused the extinction of ebony wood. However, they introduced sugar cane and imported Java deer. They left the island along with their slaves in 1710, following severe droughts and devastation caused by the cyclones. The French colonisation~ Abandoned by the Dutch, Mauritius became a French colony when, in 1715, Guillaume Dufresne d'Arsel landed on its shores and named it â€Å"Ile de France. † The first pioneers arrived in 1721, when the island was administered by the East India Company (1722 to 1767). This Company was founded by Louis XIV and Colbert to compete with the other European countries. In the hope of earning money, he was granted a trade monopoly cross the Indian Ocean for 50 years. About a hundred slaves from Senegal and Guinea arrived in Ile de France at the beginning of the colonisation period, notably between 1721 and1735. Following the request of Colbert, the kingdom's state adviser, slavery was legalized on the 28th August 1670 in France. In the West Indies, slavery quickly ensured the economic prosperity of its regions. The famous black code was proclaimed in March 1685, under the order of Louis XIV. It was aimed to develop and ease the slavery system and specified the duties of the masters and the slaves. However, the black code, established in all of the West Indies and in French Guinea, was seldom respected by the owners. In 1723, the Mascarene Islands adopted the famous black code and the letters of patent of Louis XIV in the form of an edict. They were recorded in the town of Saint-Paul in Ile Bourbon (Reunion Island) on the 18th September 1724, by the supreme adviser. As of 1725, this led to the arrival of thousands of slaves, mainly from Madagascar and East Africa, to cultivate the coffee and spice plantations. This labour seemed necessary in order to allow the East India Company to pursue the economic expansion of the Indian Ocean.

Emotional climax Essay

Continuing the theme of humanity and its behaviour, I believe the following events to be true to that. It is strange that in a play that revolves around its religious puritan upbringing, it also lacks a certain amount of Christian/Satanic or general imagery or symbolism. I would say that in comparison to a play such as Macbeth which relies on its disturbing imagery to convey the involvement of dark forces with the plot, The Crucible uses the reactions and actions of human beings to essentially shock the audience with as opposed to bold and obvious imagery. The preceding actions of the girls is but a taste of the weak human nature that will to some degree be the ruination of the innocents of Salem: the inert readiness to speak out against those who will miss use power and authority to a larger agenda, is the collective attitude that will allow silence to manipulate the village’s fate. The tension is released as the anger and madness dies, but the atmosphere is left with a slight air of detectable pessimism as the girls (including Mercy,) leave with no attempt to rectify with Proctor anything he may have heard or stay for Abigail’s sake- (â€Å"I’d best be off, I have Ruth to watch.†) Instead they leave apologetically and sheepishly, I quote- ‘[Mercy sidles out.]’ Now that the stage is rid of the bulk, only the strong figure of Proctor, a slightly hidden Abigail and mute Betty remain. The scope is quiet, the audience surges with anxiety, as we are now fully aware of the extent of Abigail’s character and her master schemes for both characters on stage. The stage directions quote- ‘[Abigail has stood as though on tiptoe, absorbing his presence, wide-eyed. He glances at Betty on the bed.]’ The scene is perfectly set, almost waiting for Abigail to pounce. The remainder of the scene has only dramatic effect in the two character’s direct speech and actions. It is the dramatic effect of the language in the dialogue that develops the characters for the benefit of the audience as history repeats- â€Å"You’re surely sportin’ with me.† The flirtatious attempts of Abigail do nothing but reveal the nature of their relationship. Proctor’s character is used in the first act and indeed second as a pawn, a strong male presence that conjures up history, friction and feelings between a variety of characters. In this quote, Proctor’s reply demonstrates their current familiarity, as he obviously feels his would be rude answer appropriate in her case, which suggests history and the blunt coldness of his words suggests a tainted one- â€Å"You know me better,† This is used to great dramatic effect as this quote is an example of what classes this scene a ‘complication.’ The revelations between the two characters and the audience displays I theorize that in this epitome, a play like The Crucible has numerous complications, which take the severity of the actual complication (the witch hunts,) to a higher level. For example the threat of being accused by one villager is but trivial when the accusation of attempted murder through witchcraft of which Elizabeth and Proctor are fully aware leads to trial, is brought to their knowledge. This accusation of attempted murder is one complication that mounts to a highly climatic and tragic demise. The heated and often dark references that Abigail uses are incredibly direct and delivered with a force that might suggest these are situations that are in need of persuasion. Not only the dramatic tension created by her choice of tactics, but the very level of desperation and inner naivety of the character that results in juvenile actions is incomprehensible! The confusion behind the ‘seemingly innocent’ Abigail is astounding and her unpredictability creates tension as the audience realises the precarious nature of the play when Abigail is involved. The next scene I will analyse simply overflows with emotion, brought out through the character’s ordeals. Elizabeth is featured here, wife of Proctor and the other half of an unhappy marriage. Their struggles seemed to begin and end with ‘that harlot,’ once again Abigail is at the centre of insular turmoil. Leading up to this scene, we have seen a troubled and excluded couple; as Goody Proctor â€Å"kisses him with suspicion† and keeps their future happiness with it at the root of their marriage, Proctor bites his tongue with his sins past sins upon his shoulders. This scene is one of revelation and the audience sits enthralled as even tension created for the ultimate end disappears, as the couple who obviously still have love for one another quash their insecurities and make their peace. The scene begins with this fluctuation of feelings toward one another still in tact. The atmosphere is one of grief and almost acceptance, as these accusations, deaths and confessions have continued over the past few months (since the previous scene,) and the two characters have bared gruelling witness to it all. Once again, this final appearance of Elizabeth to Proctor needs a more detailed explanation, as the stage directions take the audience through every one of their actions and therefore magnifying the importance of the revelation of this scene, ‘[Alone. Proctor walks to her, halts†¦]’ The gentle nature of Elizabeth has been taken advantage of, in order to coax proctor into a confession. Elizabeth has taken the opposite course of action and frees him from her suspicious grasp.  Elizabeth’s query, though perhaps comical when an attempt is made to read it seriously, shows her utter lack of compassion and hope through the injustices of their predicament. Lack of compassion even for her own husband, though her enquiry made is meant in a considerate context- â€Å"You have been tortured?† Elizabeth continues to answer his questions in a cold and blunt manner, (their inhibitions still remain, anticipating the arrival of the emotional climax.) Extending the theme of revelation, this is probed unintentionally by Elizabeth and her remarks, for example she says about the death of Giles Corey, â€Å"They press him John, more weight he says.† Proctor’s reply is influenced by this, the courage of Corey is taken by Proctor and used to state, â€Å"I have been thinking I would confess to them Elizabeth.† In addition, the quote of Elizabeth’s instigates she wishes him to form a course of action, which he does in the previous quote. However, her reply is not one of looming suspicion or ruled by mistrust, it overcomes those petit consciences and the character finds the will to say, â€Å"I cannot judge you John.† No matter how Proctor begs for an order, a course of action or reassurance, Elizabeth stands strong and helps him to lose his inhibitions by making his own choice. The scene finally reaches a heart-wrenching climax as Elizabeth delivers the line â€Å"Only be sure of this, for I know it now: Whatever you will do, it is a good man does it.† Whatever the finale, this is a satisfying resolution because the characters have admitted exactly what the audience almost begs them to say, the actors deliver a service of satisfaction. Perhaps the only the example of dramatic imagery is the recurring theme of winter inside the Proctor house, as opposed to the summer and heat in the midst of the Abigail/Proctor love affair. Elizabeth now admits that is was a cold attitude she had towards her husband; a shrivelled marriage that she kept, â€Å"a cold house.† Her admittance of this symbolises the last string of the old relationship broken. The dramatic effective adds to the release of tension between the characters as the entire situation diffuses. Both of the character’s fronts falter as they indulge in insular peace, paving the way for the final resolution: the turmoil between husband and wife is finally resolved, Proctor has everything to live for and the strength to do what is need to remain with family and friends- or is it? Unfortunately, the phrase ‘too good to be true’ springs to mind, and also to the audience. The scene I analysed is in theory the penultimate resolution. It fits this description perfectly, as although it is misleading -because Proctor decides not to â€Å"have his life† and confess, but die with sanctity of name- it is satisfying. Dramatic tension is built extremely subtly behind the contagious joy of peace between the Proctors, foreseeing the ultimate loss of inhibitions for John. True, the character has lost the stubbornness that kept his wife from him, but it is also true to Elizabeth’s statement that John has not forgiven himself: self confessed sinner he may be, but a proud man is John Proctor. The truth may be that even in death, let alone life would the character not forgive himself for his sins with Abigail. His martyrdom was the release of self-hatred through a noble stand; he held onto the only thing that in his opinion was not tainted, his name. The Crucible recurs the theme of boundaries and limits, with such things as physical limits including the obsession with land, exclusive living (within colonies,) and with names. Proctor’s boundary was infact the preservation of his name, that is the only earthly piece of self he would not let go of- the only piece of self he realistically had left. This is a truly effective resolution, as the main character is finally at rest: Miller is no hero for surviving the courts, but his duty to society is done, his warning and message still survives fifty years on.

Running Head: Specific Needs Essay

As a service worker there are a number of identified demands that the client is proposing or the family of the client which is dealing with East London care home. Mr. Park was analysed and related to his disabilities, various suitable concepts of health were introduced within his treatment. There are many socioeconomic levels of people living in the same community. A group may be more advantageous than the other. Income, area of residence, gender, ethnicity, occupation, and education are some of the factors which manipulate personal health maintenance (Graham, 2004, p. 4-9). A person’s education occupation and income are inter-related and manoeuvre his or her lifestyle and health status. The UK government takes healthcare policies very seriously and is working hard to eliminate discrepancies from its system. The variety of factors that lead to inequalities is a limitation for policy developers but the government has unlimited access to all the relevant data. The state holds the best position to report healthcare system inadequacy. Social policies are directing towards to reforms as legislations should be further introduced so that cases like Mr. Holland may not face the lack in assessment during the search for a care home in the United Kingdom. Variation in opportunities available to people, lead to inequality in healthcare provision. This disparity can be observed throughout the life of individuals. There is a study suggesting that difficulties in the initial period of life lead to healthcare issues in adult life (Power et al, 2007, p. 532-9). Adults with impecunious resources find difficulty in managing their job with a concurrent malady and associated discrimination. These people are vulnerable to abuse and addiction due to their social environment. Their dietary habits also contribute to their overall hygiene; malnourished people are more prone to catching diseases than well-nourished people. The gradient in health status of people with varying social and  economical backgrounds is also evident in average life span of both groups (Atherton et al, 2007, p. 486-91). People with limited or no education is engaged in hazardous occupations with chances of physical harm. Unemployed folks are dependent on their benefactor or state for fulfilment of their fitness needs. The difference in health perception is also a contributing factor to healthcare inequalities. Most of the citizens do not seek medical help until they are sick. Immigrants from under-developed countries of the world are customized to their less-privileged conditions back home. The behaviour of these migrants adds to healthcare inequalities existent in Britain. They are not aware of their health rights in United Kingdom and fail to grasp the value of their health as a contribution to society. Women’ health conditions especially of those in child-bearing age highlight the contrast in healthcare provision to society. Health care and social settings cater and server society in numerous possible ways. For the utmost productivity and results, health care systems have to collaborate with other sectors and fields. One of the most important sector with which the health systems have to work in collaboration with, is the social care sector. Social care might entail processes and procedures that enhance their effectiveness by collaborating and working in partnerships. This report represents the cultural awareness that is required within this particular case, services should be available that is highlighted within the report. The theories and concepts regarding the partnerships in health and social care, concern cooperation between forces on three levels; the ones on the administrative levels, on the levels of users of service and the collaboration between organizational partners. Inter-professional collaboration constitutes a key factor in procedures and methods that increase the efficiency and impact of the health care services for the public. Collaboration constitutes of working with a team; and that too, with a single unified goal or a set of goals. The organizations working in partnerships with each other are mostly in a mutually benefiting relationship. They perform and carry out functions that are agreed upon and are aligned toward the goal which the partners are striving for. The next feature of the underlying concepts of partnerships and collaboration is the quality and aspect of partnership. Sharing entails more of an emotional touch and constitutes of performing functions that are mutually benefiting  and provide advantages to both the parties. Partnership however, entails the agreements and accords of sharing and dividing the benefits, whether they are financial or any other. Partnerships also entails that the partners appear and approach the other organizations under the one name. It is more of a relationship in contractual terms. Although mutually benefiting, the relation between the partners is not effective and strong if the power is held by one partner and not shared equally with the other partner. Power might be in form of the decisive power or the power in managing the finances. The health care systems when collaborating with the social care systems have to distribute the power; the partnership entails that the partners have equal power for the various functions of performing in the health care sector. Consequent to the power and autonomy partners should have in a collaborative relationship, interdependency still remains to be the most important factor and concept of partnership. A partnership or collaborative relation between the health care system and social care will fail and affect the lives of public immensely, if the partners are overly powerful and autonomous. As in every working relationship, on the people level as well, interdependency accounts for one of the major factor. This concept of partnership directly relates to the striving and struggle for single goal in partnership. The care home would provide various facilities that would help Mr. Holland a better life there. Extra care include the process that is discussed under this section of the paper. It is now well established that social and economic factors affect availing of healthcare facility at all levels. There may be a variety of reasons for this differential behaviour in society. These causes can broadly be classified as â€Å"financial, structural, and cognitive† (Carrillo et al, 2011, p. 562-75). These barriers in contacting a healthcare provider often lead to failure in diagnosis at the right time, appropriate care for the ailment, and overall lack of a treatment approach. All of these eventually cause a decline in an attempt to provide equal healthcare to all. A number of people do not contact healthcare professionals because of inadequate financial resources. There may be two reasons for this inadequacy; not having an insurance policy for medical coverage, or belonging to a low income social group. These people fear  getting into circumstance that may lead to losing money. This reluctance causes them to react in a careless way to their medical needs. People who are insured with health policies may also cower from reaching out to a caregiver for medical aid. This problem arises from complex interrogative procedures, followed by insurance companies. People do not want to get into trouble for a small ailment and ignore to seek medical advice. Another reason for not going to a medical care provider is; having to wait long hours to see a doctor. People may have limitations such as not having someone to look for their child for long durations, not getting time-off from the employer for their medical appointment, or having a load of social obligations. People with a disability may also face communication problem during their meeting with a health professional. Lack of information about health predicaments, accessible amenities, and importance of staying in sound health, also contribute to overlooking self care. Sometimes a patient fails to understand the implication of their diagnosed condition and does not pursue quality treatment. Discriminatory behaviour of a caregiver is also a likely cause of health illiteracy. However, individual behaviour of people also leads to health and social care development. For instance, in Asian families, it is highly unethical to treat their elderly people in the old homes. They believe it is their moral and religious responsibility to take care of their elderly people at home. So they prefer care in home setting. Now, the nursing and its priorities have changed in homecare settings. It has become advanced adopting more humanistic approaches in the provision of primary care. However, for the Americans and Europeans, these old homes are a facility where elderly people live and receive best health facilities. For this reason, governments spend huge amount on building and setting old homes. People now want to have quick answers to their queries regarding medical facilities and healthcare. The use of social media by health institute facilitates them in solving their problems. The increasing role of social media and advanced technology is the result of people’s attitude and behaviour. Validity and reliability of the information depends upon the source. There are two types of sources for collecting information-primary and secondary. Primary source is believed to be original, first hand, and unedited. On the other hand, secondary is interpreted and processed material. The distinction between the reliable and  unreliable source is hard to explain in this age of mass media. The health care institutes must develop standards based on international practices and evidences and need to be regulated by the concerned Authority. Dissemination of health and social care information must be handled by responsible authority that has the proven record of credibility and authenticity. Quality information is a significant aspect for service providers that can also help them in planning, managing, monitoring, and delivering high quality health care provision. Through out the process of stay of Mr. Holland there are significant changes observed and as an auditor, I and the institution have found out that certain approaches that are used to take his care are producing fruitful results. Health promotions address both primary and secondary causes of a healthcare problem. These campaigns are relevant for creating awareness in the general public and minimizing the spread of problems. Whenever a healthcare emergency arises, healthcare providers are responsible for initial interventions. After the initial intercession, the healthcare professional evaluates the crisis and presents his or her idea to restrict such crisis in the future. Health promotion models work on identification, history, results of a healthcare problem and have a target outcome for the campaign. The UK government has launched a number of health promotions for current health problems. Some of these promotions are for smoke cessation, cancer, child obesity, drug abuse and drinking problems. The policy highlights the problem by giving statistics of alcohol related hospital admissions and deaths. The policy aims to build awareness on harmful impacts of alcohol on families’ lives, and ultimately compel them to overcome their bad habit. Role of experts is not confined tending to ill people needs; instead it lays upon them the responsibility of maintaining the community’s health. Health professionals are skilled to identify unsaid health problems during examinations. They can play their part for early screening of a malady through vigilance. Professionals on a higher level of administration should demonstrate to their co-workers and subordinates, the level of commitment needed for the purpose. The professionals also need to pay special attention to their well being for executing their role in the health  system. The task of a professional includes education and promotion of preventive care to all the available community. The government employees and health system professionals should collaborate towards a healthy society. They share a goal of providing quality healthcare to all citizens. The caregivers should incorporate themselves with organizations, working for the welfare of society in the domain of healthcare. They should use these platforms for sharing their knowledge and practices with healthcare workers from other areas, and the general public. The young professionals should be encouraged to take up pro bono work at the start of their career. The government aims to develop healthcare from primary levels, which is not possible without the aid from every health personnel. These people should be trained for the promotion activities. The health department sets target for the health promotion activities. If the partners and collaborators are not interdependent upon each other and are excessively autonomous, not taking responsibility of each other’s actions or accountable to the other partner, then the partnership can collapse. For instance, if the a health care organization deals with a situation negligently and is not able to handle any emergency situation, the performance of the social care will also be effected because of being in partnership with the other. Health perception and views of an individual greatly influence his or her response to healthcare situations. This opinion is affected by a person’s religion, ethnical background and culture (Horne et al, 2004, p. 1307-13). Education and experience modify it to some extent in later life, but the primary instincts stay with the person. The principles become more influential when the person holding these is a healthcare practitioner rather than a general man (Callaghan, 1999, p. 28-35). People rely on their physician, nurse or pharmacist to give them expert opinion on health related matters. The last but not the least important concept in partnerships and collaboration is the process. The way an organization works constitutes its processes and exclusive procedures. In collaboration however, the methods and processes have to be merged; they have to synchronized and harmonized with each other and then worked upon. The strategies and processes followed by one organization should also be applied to the collaborating partners and organizations. According to the frameworks put forward by West, the literature on the effectiveness of groups reveals and explains about the  model of partnerships that entails concepts such as inputs of the tasks, composition and performance of the groups and teams, the context and culture of the organizations and the environment of the organizations. This framework also entails the explanation of variables that elucidate the performance and working of the collaboration. These variables include such factors as the leadership effect, communications patterns and the processes of decision making. This model is utilized and practised by the Aston Centre for Health Organizational Research to analyse and study the National Health System of United Kingdom. Faced with numerous challenges, the health care sector in the United Kingdom follows and adheres to the concepts and frameworks for the partnerships at various levels. The government and the health care sector have devised numerous ways in which the rights and legal boundaries of the professionals and patients are outlines. Whether the health services join hand for collaboration or they work independently, the effectiveness of the partnership is always working and striving for the utmost care of the patient and the general public. Providing relevant health information to patients under health promotion programs is of paramount importance. Health promotion induces a positive difference in people’s life but accepting this development is tricky. The health promoter should provide all reasonable support to the subject to help him, or her get on with the change. The first step in the series of development events is to help patient understand the change. For example, a cancer patient will need thorough explanation of his or her illness, expected results of treatment, and most importantly the adverse effects of the treatment. Appropriate counselling leads to better outcomes of promotion and therapy than expected. The Article for Foundation for People with Learning and Physical Disabilities The research objective of the current article is to find the significant impact caused by increased BMI and anaesthetic duration on recovery of protective airways subsequent to sevoflaure opposed to desflurane. Increased BMI may increase the body’s capacity to store potent inhaled anaesthetics, more so with more soluble agents. Accordingly, we asked whether increased BMI and longer anaesthesia prolonged airway reflex recovery. For anesthesia means a moderately increased BMI is usually no increased risk. In the  multivariate linear regression, the variables: type of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, body mass index and temperature of the operating room were directly related to the average body temperature of the subjects investigated. Nurses are responsible for planning and implementing effective interventions that help to minimize costs and most importantly reduce complications associated with hy pothermia. Methods Quantitative methodological approach was adopted for the conduct of the study, which follows a non-experimental research, correlation and forecasting. Sampling is the first and foremost step of conducting a research. It is important to find out all those people who will be able to provide the information that will be used by the manager of organization. Sampling form the basis of all researches and thus the organization conducting research must be very careful in selecting a sample. The research study analyzed the sample of patients aged 18–75, in BMI ranges 18–24, 25–29, and ≠¥30 kg m−2, undergoing surgery for which an LMA was the planned method of airway management, and randomly assigned these patients to receive sevoflurane or desflurane. Statistical Analysis T-test, Chi-square, ANOVA, and linear regression were used in the research. For the purpose of hypothesis testing, independent Sample T test is performed on the provided data. By applying the t-test for independent samples, we can decide whether two independent samples from two populations have equal arithmetic mean values i.e. to find the significant difference between the sample means. Detailed Analysis of the Article The term nonverbal communication refers to the type of communication which does not include direct usage of words by the person. This kind of conversation includes the signs given through eyes, the angle of the head, hands, or the facial expressions. The nonverbal might also include the usage of paper messages. The effective communication involves the ability of the care workers to analyse the situation and understand the verbal or non  verbal communicative messages delivered by the other care workers and work on them effectively. In the profession of care delivery, affection and care are the two feelings that are most important to be delivered to the patient. Touch can play an important role in this regard. Through touch the affection is delivered to the patient and he might feel the reflection of the carers feeling for the patient which might make him feel better emotionally. Misinterpretation of touch is, however, one of the most commonly existing problems. Sometimes the touch can be misinterpreted as sexual interest, aggressive stroke or sympathetic feeling which might not please the patient. Therefore, the care professionals have to be really carefully when the deliver their affection through touch. Another commonly existing problem is that in some cultures and religions the touch of a man to woman is not ethically or religiously allowed. The care professionals have to be extremely careful in such circumstances. The comfort can be misunderstood and that might cause a conflict which might be problematic and difficult to handle. In order to avoid this situation, it is important that the permission should be taken from the patient. The care professionals are a mixed set of professionals that belong to different ethnical regions, cultures and religious backgrounds. These individuals, under normal circumstances might have their own different set of cultural, social and religious values. However in the organisations of social and health care, it is important that they should follow the care principles and they should support every individual equally regardless of their background and race. Every individual should be treated with respect and dignity of every patient should be maintained. The ethical and cultural values of the patients should be respected by the carers and the individuals belonging to low financial background should not be mistreated with lack of care and support. The difference of language might be a barrier in communication, but to overcome that non verbal communication can be used. Sometimes the patients are disappointed and they might behave aggressively. Within the health and social care organisations, the fine practice of communication contributes to the effectiveness and competence of the services provided. It also develops the trust and confidence in the staff members who consider in the policies and systems of the organisation as trustworthy and precise. The professionals and staff members of health care espouse the good practice and  code of conduct that participates in the efficacy of the services. This is done by the effective communication within the limitations of organisational policies and systems in accordance with a system of partnership and team work. This paper was written after the understanding of the cases that were provided within the assignment. There were five main tasks that were to be fulfilled. The health care providers under the National Health Services perform well and more efficiently when working in partnerships and groups. The utmost important factor in such relations is the communication and the perception of the relation by both the partners. The communication pattern says a lot about the evaluation and performance of the partnerships. The way partners collaborate is vastly dependent upon the relations they hold with the partners. The service provides various methods and procedures for the evaluation of the practices and procedures in partnerships and collaborations. I would analyse this paper as a detailed approach in order to understand the issues that are faced within the basic needs of the prospects. References Butt,G; Reis, M. M; Browne, G (2008) Inter-professional Partnerships In Chronic Illness Care: A Conceptual Model For Measuring Partnership Effectiveness. Int J Integr Care. P. n.d. data retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2387190/ on May 31, 2013 D’amour, D; Videla, F. M; Rodriguez, M. S. L & Beaulieu, D. M (2005) The Conceptual Basis For Interprofessional Collaboration: Core Concepts And Theoretical Frameworks. Journal of Interprofessional Care, Supplement 1: 116 – 131. Pp. 122-124. Data retrieved from http://www.cihc.ca/library/bitstream/10296/380/1/DArmourEtAl_ConceptualBasis_May2005.pdf on Williams, P (2007) Working In Collaboration: Learning from Theory and Practice. National Leadership and Innovation Agency for Healthcare. Pp. 17-20. Data retrieved from http://nliah.com/portal/microsites/Uploads/Resources/lpXXIgAU6.pdf on May 31, 2013 Bennett, P., Calman, K., & Curtis, S. (2009). Risk communication and public health. Oxford University Press, retrieved from http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PBH3bxSqdy0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Co