M7 discusion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M7 discusion - Assignment Example The row totals and the column totals in a two-way table give the marginal distributions of the two variables separately. There are two marginal distributions in a two-way table and each marginal distribution from a two-way table is a distribution for a single categorical variable. The conditional distribution of the row variable for one specific value of the column variable is each entry in the column as a percent of the column total. The conditional distribution of the column variable for one specific value of the row variable is each entry in the row as a percent of the row total. The complete conditional distribution gives the proportions or percents for all possible values of the conditioning variable. The conditional distribution reveals the nature of association between two categorical variables. The chi-square statistic (denoted by χ2) measures the relative difference between expected and observed frequencies (cell counts). It is a measure of how much the observed cell counts in a two-way table diverge from the expected cell counts. The Chi-square statistic is computed by first taking the difference between each observed count and its corresponding expected count, and Taking Square of these values, than dividing each squared difference by the expected count, and finally taking sum of all the values. The chi-square is appropriate to use when the variables are simple random samples (SRSs), measured on categorical level and the average expected cell count is 5 or greater and all individual expected counts are 1 or greater, except in the case of 2 Ãâ€" 2 tables. All four expected counts in a 2 Ãâ€" 2 table should be 5 or greater. The two models for using a chi square test are ‘Comparing several populations: the first model’ and ‘Test independence: the second model’. In the first model, independent SRSs are drawn

Aristotle and Plato on Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aristotle and Plato on Realism - Essay Example When Aristotle and Plato are contrasted, it becomes clear that their efforts were largely responsible for the inclusion of metaphysical inquiry into Western philosophical thought. Both philosophers provided highly differing views on reality and the way it could be conceptualised but this does not serve to indicate that their views were altogether opposed to each other. Instead, there are fine lines where both Plato and Aristotle tend to agree and other areas where they tend to disagree. This paper will explore areas where both philosophers tend to agree on the domain of realism. Plato held that the ultimate reality behind an object were notions or concepts of that object. He argued that things in the physical world are merely abstract representations of various kinds of universal concepts. It could be argued that Plato thought that in order to understand reality it was necessary to approach the world of various ideas. This method of interpreting reality has been labelled as Platonic realism where ideas are given greater preference to the physical object in ruder to perceive reality. Plato also holds that the true nature of reality revolves around the idea that abstract universals create the physical reality. However, there are limitations on perceiving these universals because in effect these universals have no spatial or temporal characteristics that could be realised or tested. In his treatise on the issue, Plato has argued that all physical objects have some kind of a universal form. These universal forms exist outside the realm of these objects but one cannot perceive these universals. The object in question can be physically observed such as by visual observation and this could be enhanced by studying the object in detail to form concepts about it. This would in turn allow the object under scrutiny to develop a physical reality based on concepts and notions of universals that support its existence. In order to support the ideas behind and the existence of universals Plato rested his argument on a few other elements. These elements included the principles of self-predication, one over many and non-self partaking. When these ideas are put together, they tend to culminate into a greater understanding of Platonic realism. Furthermore, these ideas tend to serve as the bedrock and foundation for Platonic world of forms and in effect for Plato’s conception on reality (Bakalis). When Aristotle’s ideas on reality are considered, it can be said that his conception of reality differed from that of Plato but not very significantly. Aristotle’s conception of ultimate reality is not as highly differentiated from Plato’s realism as is often projected in texts. The bedrock of Aristotle’s ultimate reality is based on instantiated universals while the basis for Plato’s realism is un-instantiated universals. Much like Plato, Aristotle held that the universal form of any physical object is not removed from the o bject itself. Instead this kind of existence is used as predication for the existence of the object under question. In addition, Aristotle also held that the form of the object under question did not exist in a separate mystical world held by Plato but instead it existed within the existence of that object itself (Jackson). The Platonic world of forms is where Plato believed the form of an object to exist. However, Aristotle held t

Comparing and Contrasting Between Certified Nurse-Midwife and Certified Midwife Essay Example for Free

Comparing and Contrasting Between Certified Nurse-Midwife and Certified Midwife Essay Comparing and Contrasting between Certified Nurse-Midwife and Certified Midwife Every profession has its own beauty. Nursing is a professional industry with responsibility for important tasks in medical systems. For a long time, professional nurses, especially midwife nurses, were considered low-status; they usually did the extra work as assistants in the army. They helped with cleaning, cooking, laundry, etc . A 2012 research by Marjie Bloy found that Florence Nightingale is presented as a public health nurse to promote the modern industry. Because she was the child of a wealthy family, Nightingale’s parents were surprised and disappointed when she decided to become a nurse. Then she demanded medical care improvements for the poor and the industry gradually took important steps to help nurses in health professional ranks. There are several misunderstandings between what a Certified Nurse-Midwife and Certified Midwife are. This essay will analyze this confusion by comparing and contrasting between Certified Nurse Midwives and Certified Midwives. First of all, to understand clearly what Certified Nurse Midwife and Certified Midwife are, we will look at their definitions. According to Hartley Heather, a Certified Nurse Midwife is an individual trained and licensed in both nursing and midwifery, whereas a Certified Midwife is an individual trained and certified in midwifery only. Secondly, what study path should students follow if they would like to become Midwife? The requirement for admission to the Midwifery Education Program for CNM is quite different to CM. In her article Different direction, opportunities, Susan Trossman describes the difference, the requirement for Admission to Midwifery Education Program between CM and CNM: a CM needs a Bachelor’s degree from an accredited college or university and successful completion of specific science courses, while in CNM, there are 2 cases. If the applicant has a bachelor’s degree, but not an RN license, some programs will require attainment of an RN license prior to entry into the midwife program; others will allow the student to attain an RN license prior to graduate study. However, if the applicant is an RN but doesn’t have a bachelor’s degree, some programs provide a bridge program to a bachelor’s degree prior to the midwifery portion of the program. Other programs require a bachelor’s degree before entry into the midwifery program. In addition, after studying for 5 years, the degree the students are granted are quite different: the CM will have a Master’s degree; whereas, the CNM will have a Master’s or Doctoral degree. Finally, after getting Licensed, Jolivet Rima maintained in her article Nurse-Midwives committed to women throughout the lifespan that although CNMs are licensed in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and US territories, CMs are only licensed in New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. A 2002 journal by Lois McClosky said CNMs would work in Boards of Nursing, Boards of Midwifery/Nurse-Midwifery, Board of Midwifery, Board of Medicine, and Department of Health. Unlike CNMs, however, CMs would work in Board of Midwifery, Board of Medicine, and Department of Health. On the other hand, in her journal, Lisa L Paine describes what CNMs and CMs have in common. First of all, they both share the Clinical Experience Skills Requirement which includes the management of primary care for women throughout the lifespan, including reproductive health care, pregnancy, and birth; care of the normal newborn; and management of sexually transmitted infections in male partners. Secondly, CNMs, like CMs, Saraswathi Vedam wrote that both are independent management of women’s health care through the lifespan, from adolescence through menopause. Finally, a 2006 article story by Michelle Nolin Flewell discusses the similarities of work places, CNMs and CMs both work in hospitals, birth centers, homes, and offices. The majority of CNMs and CMs attend to births in hospitals. In conclusion, the differences between Certified Nurse Midwives and Certified Midwives are: definitions, study paths and licensures. However, they share some similarities such as Clinical Experience Requirement, Range of Care Provided, and Practice Settings.

James Watt Essay -- History

James Watt James Watt was born 19th January 1736 at Greenock and at this time no one would have even imagined his effect on the Industrial Revolution that was to occur within that century. When James was fifteen he had read books about and become accustomed to Philosophy (similar to modern physics). He had also completed many of his own chemical experiments and even started produce and construct his own products such as a small electronic device that startled his companions. He soon became interested in astronomy and often spent long hours at night, lying in a grove near his home studying the night sky. He also enjoyed angling as his hobby and completed odd jobs to become known as a jack-of-all-trades. He sold and mended spectacles, fixed fiddles and constructed fishing rods and tackle. Watt met his first loss in 1753 when his mother unsuspectedly died. It was at this point that Watt decided to pursue his career and try and qualify himself to become a mathematical instrument maker. After James spoke to Professor Muirhead at the Glasgow University, he was introduced to several scientists who at the time encouraged him later to travel to London to further himself in instrument making. In 1755 he set out on horseback and arrived in London after either twelve days or two weeks. He tried to get a job in the instrumentation field although the shopkeepers could not give him a job as he did not do an apprenticeship and was too old. Finally though he found John Morgan of a company called Cornhill who agreed to bend the rules and offer an apprenticeship for a year. James Watt knuckled down and wanted to learn everything he wanted in one year that would have normally taken three or four years. After six weeks Watt learned that much he outstripped another apprentice who had been at Cornhill for two years! After the apprenticeship Watt found it hard to set up shop in London and due to his father's ill health decided to spend some time at Greenock. He then moved to Glasgow where there was a job vacant in cleaning and repairing newly imported scientific instruments. The University of Glasgow then arranged for James Watt to set up shop inside one of their university buildings where he met his future long-life friends Dr. Joseph Black and Professor John Robison both planning to be chemists. His shop at the university did not sell many of his inventions mainly ... ... had already died many years before him and so he lived partly lonesome life. On August 19, 1819, James Watt who was aged 83 died at his own home in Healthfield. Mrs. Watt lived much longer dying in 1832. James Watt was able to live through his life knowing that even though he only improved an existing invention, he powered much of the industrial revolution in doing so. His innovations also saved many of the mines in those times that were full of water unable to be pumped out by older model steam engines. James also knew that the protectionist nature of his patent also meant that future improvement could not easily be made, protecting his version of the steam engine as long as possible. References Internet Sites: * www.history.rochester.edu/steam/carnegie/ * www.history.rochester.edu/steam/thurston/1878/pp80.gif * www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/chapter3.html * www.sydney-australia.net/tourism/sydney/attracts/power/powp18.html * www.cre.canon.co.uk/~davide/kbsm/boulton-watt.html * www.adventure.com/encyclopedia/general/rfiwatts.html * www.adventure.com/encyclopedia/general/ctssteam.html * www.colbybos.demon.co.uk/corn/hist8.html

A Rose for Emily and Sweat

Name:Mouri Moumita ID:0920605015 1. â€Å"There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book,† Wilde says in the Preface. â€Å"Books are well written, or badly written. That is all. † Does the novel confirm this argument? Wilde published his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, before he reached the height of his fame. It was criticized as scandalous and immoral. Disappointed with its reception, Wilde revised the novel in 1891, adding a preface and six new chapters.The Preface anticipates some of the criticism that might be leveled at the novel and answers critics who charge The Picture of Dorian Gray with being an immoral tale. It also briefly sets forth the tenets of Wilde’s philosophy of art. Devoted to a school of thought and a mode of sensibility known as aestheticism, Wilde believed that art possesses an intrinsic value—that it is beautiful and therefore has worth, and thus needs serve no other purpose, be it moral or political. The Picture of Dorian Gray is the story of one beautiful, innocent young man's seduction, moral corruption, and eventual downfall.We meet our three central characters at the beginning of the book, when painter Basil Hallward and his close friend, Lord Henry Wotton, are discussing the subject of Basil's newest painting, a gorgeous young thing named Dorian Gray. Basil and Henry discuss just how perfectly perfect Dorian is – he's totally innocent and completely good, as well as being the most beautiful guy ever to walk the earth. Lord Henry wants to meet this mysterious boy, but Basil doesn't want him to; for some reason, he's afraid of what will happen to Dorian if Lord Henry digs his claws into him.Reflecting on the course of his past twenty years, he confronts Lord Henry, whom he believes is responsible for leading him astray. Lord Henry gives Dorian a book. Dorian criticizes the yellow book that, years before, had such a profound influence over him, claiming that this book did him great ha rm. This accusation is, of course, alien to Wilde’s philosophy of aestheticism, which holds that art cannot be either moral or immoral. Lord Henry says as much, refusing to believe that a book could have such power.The idea that there is no morality in art, only beauty (or an absence of beauty, in the case of bad art), is the central tenet of a movement known as aestheticism, which sought to free literature and other forms of artistic expression from the burden of being ethical or instructive. Wilde himself was associated closely with this creed, as the Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray makes clear. But the novel that follows grapples with the philosophy of art for art’s sake in a complicated way. After all, the protagonist suffers from the lessons he has learned from the yellow book that has â€Å"poisoned† him.Lord Henry insists that a book can do no such thing, and we are left to decide how much blame one can place on a book and how much blame must be pla ced on the reader. Indeed, in one respect, The Picture of Dorian Gray seems to be a novel of extremely moral sensibilities, since Dorian suffers because he allows himself to be poisoned by a book. In other words, he defies the artistic principles that structure the yellow book. One must wonder, then, if there is such a thing as a book without some sort of moral or instruction

Great Politics That Dealed With Slavery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1281 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frederick Douglass Essay Slavery Essay Did you like this example? All throughout American Literature, writers have been composing literary works that have been influencing future authors. These writers create literary works usually discussing religion, politics, or a personal experience. The numerous amounts of writings present in American Literature can be quite similar to one another or can differ from one another when compared to different components. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Great Politics That Dealed With Slavery" essay for you Create order Writers such as Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass served as a great example in how literary works in American Literature show the individual differences of each author as well as some similarities that are present in them and their writings. Lincoln and Douglass both use political influences and the hardships the country was experiencing during their time to help them compose their literary works. Though both Lincoln and Douglass use political influences, it is the way they interpret and shape their writings that makes them different from each other. Each of them uses their own writing style, language, and tone that helps them deliver their messages to their intended audience. Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass both use political issues dealing with slavery, freedom, and equal rights and liberty to all men to help influence their literary works, and though they use similar themes and influences the way they interpret and shape their writings is what makes them different. Abraham Lincoln served as the sixteenth President of the United States. When he took the presidency, the nation was already beginning to divide and was on the brink of a Civil War. As a result, all this brutality and political problems inspired and influenced most of Lincolnrs greatest speeches and literary workrs that helped shape America as it is today. His writings always focus on America as a whole and address the current political issues the nation had. Some of Lincolnrs greatest speeches and literary works are The Gettysburg Address, his Second Inaugural Address, the House Divided Speech, and the Emancipation Proclamation. All of these works served as the infrastructure that helped build the American voice that is present in later writings throughout American Literature. Frederick Douglass was an abolitionist, former slave, statesman, and writer. He was considered to be one of the most influential African American during the nineteenth century as well as one of the greatest orators during his time. Most of Douglassrs literary works addressed the issue of slavery, racism, and the equal rights of African Americans. Some of Douglassrs greatest writings are Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself and What to the Slave, is the Fourth of July?. All of Douglassrs literary works are known as antislavery writings because he always discusses the freedom and equal rights that African Americans should have. In most of their works in American Literature, Lincoln and Douglass both talk about political issues dealing with slavery, freedom, and equal rights and liberty of all men. Both writers show many differences as well as similarities when addressing these issues. When writing about slavery, Lincoln addresses the issue politically. He himself opposed the concept of slavery and addressed the issue in his House Divided speech. In this speech, Lincoln talks about how ?A house divided against itself cannot stand, he declared. ?I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free It will become all one thing or all the other, (KENDI 4). He shapes this speech in a way for his audience to understand that the issue regarding slavery is what is beginning to divide the nation. Once again slavery is addressed in Lincolnrs Second Inaugural Address. In this address Lincoln talks about how slavery is a national misdemeanor to God by stating, If we shall suppose that American Slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must need come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove[] (Second 749). While Lincoln addresses slavery in a formal political way, Douglass shapes his writings and styles from a more personal experience. In his narrative, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Douglass shows his audience what the life of a slave is really like by using imagery and a dramatic language. His use of rhetorical devices, diction, and writings structure allows him to give a deeper insight into the evils of slavery. It is in this way that Douglassrs writings regarding slavery differ from Lincolnrs writings. Though both Lincoln and Douglass use different meanings and styles to shape their writings, they both use the same universal theme to help them get the message of slavery is bad to their audience. Another similar theme and political aspect both authors use to help influence their writings is freedom. In his narrative, Douglass uses a unique writing style as well as a persuasive one to help advocate for the freedom of African Americans. Douglass states, Freedom now appeared, to disappear no more forever. It was heard in every sound and seen in everything. It was ever present to torment me with a sense of my wretched condition, (Narrative of 963). This statement serves as an example of what freedom meant to African Americans. While Douglass talks about freedom in the views of African Americans, Lincoln interprets the theme in a slightly different way. In the Gettysburg Address, he states, [] this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom†and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth, (Address 748). Lincolnrs use of ethos, formal diction, and visual imagery allows him to express the birth of a new nation as well as the new sense of freedom they are fighting for. Douglassrs writing styles and languages differ quite a bit from Lincolnrs somewhat interpreting a different meaning of freedom; however, they both appeal to the same influences in their writings. One of the last things that both of the authors discuss in their writings is the equal rights of men and liberty. In Lincolnrs Gettysburg Address he uses a sense of allusion when he states, All men are created equal, (Address 747). He shapes his writings in order to stress the points that all men should have the same rights of equality and liberty. Douglass addresses the equal rights theme a little bit different than Lincoln. In one of his speeches, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?, Douglass states that The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me (What to 1003). He clearly means that African Americans are denied the right to equality and uses his writing style and language of the speech to express that. Like the other political influences in their writings, Lincoln and Douglass allow the concept of equal rights and liberty to influence their writings. Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass both use political issues dealing with slavery, freedom, and equal rights and liberty to all men to help influence their literary works, and though they use similar themes and influences the way they interpret and shape their writings is what makes them different. While Lincoln uses a plain, undecorated language in his writings, his choice of words and the rhythm and shape of his utterances is what portrays his writings to be unique from Douglassrs (Barzun 5 and 51). Douglass, on the other hand, uses many powerful scenes that help modulate his charismatic stage persona and appeal to readers as a supplicant rather than as an equal, (Ganter 4). As one can see, both authors use similar themes and influences in their writings, but it is the way they interpret the message to the audience by using their own unique writing styles that makes them different from one another.

Ancestry of Barack Obama - Fourth Generation

Barack Obama Family Tree, Generations 1-3 Fourth Generation (Great Grandparents): 8. Obama was born in Kendu Bay, Kenya 9. Nyaoke Obama had four wives, one of whom was Nyaoke. She fathered many children, of whom Onyango was the fifth son. 12. Ralph Waldo Emerson DUNHAM was born 24 December 1894 in Argonia, Sumner County, Kansas and died 4 October 1970 in Wichita, Sedgwick, Kansas. 13. Ruth Lucille ARMOUR was born in 1900 in Illinois and died (by suicide) on 25 November 1926 in Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kansas. Ralph DUNHAM and Ruth ARMOUR were married on 3 October 1915 in Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kansas and had the following children: i. Ralph Emerson DUNHAM, Jr., born 29 August 1916 (spouse Elizabeth Smith)6. ii. Stanley Armour DUNHAM The family is found living with Ruths parents in the 1920 federal census of Sedgwick County, Kansas. In 1930, Ralph Jr. and Stanley are with their maternal grandparents in Butler County, Kansas, while their father, Ralph Sr. was enumerated with his parents in Sedgwick County, Kansas. 14. Rolla Charles PAYNE was born 23 August 1892 in Olathe, Johnson County, Kansas and died in Kansas in October 1968. 15. Leona MCCURRY was born about May 1897 in Kansas. Rolla Charles PAYNE and Leona MCCURRY married in Kansas about 1922 and had the following children: 1. i. Madelyn PAYNEii. Charles Thomas PAYNE born in 1925.iii. Arlene PAYNE born about 1926.